Cardiovascular Research
Membrane proteins are the most successful class of therapeutic targets. Creative Biolabs has developed a comprehensive collection of membrane protein in vitro assays for drug discovery that cover most membrane protein targets.
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Membrane protein stable cell lines are widely used in many areas of biomedical research. Creative Biolabs can offer membrane protein stable cell lines to stablish in vitro models for High Throughput Screening.
Creative Biolabs' membrane preparations are useful for membrane protein research. We offer membrane preparations to study the role of membrane proteins in diseases. Membrane preparations from Creative Biolabs are quality-assured frozen membranes from cells expressing recombinant or natural receptors.
Creative Biolabs offers high-quality, innovative tools to help research groups accelerate membrane protein drug discovery. They can be found by targets. If there is no product that meets your needs, please contact us.
The cardiovascular system is a network of blood vessels in the body's systemic circulation. The cardiovascular system is critical for nutrient delivery, oxygen transport, and waste removal. The cardiovascular system forms and develops from embryogenesis, adapting and remodeling over time, such as wound healing, pregnancy, and disease that affect vascular networks and structures.
Fig.1 Overview of Cardiovascular System. (Mohammad, et al., 2017)
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary heart disease (CHD), such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Other cardiovascular diseases include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, model heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, etc. The pathogenesis of CVD varies by species, and dietary risk factors are statistically associated with 53% of CVD deaths. CAD and stroke involve atherosclerosis, which can be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of sleep.
Fig.2 Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. (Rubina, et al., 2021)
- Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a series of clinical diseases caused by atherosclerosis leading to stenosis of the coronary lumen and insufficient blood supply to the myocardium, including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia and sudden death. The cause of coronary heart disease depends on the type. Coronary artery disease is often caused by cholesterol. This waxy substance forms plaque in the lining of the coronary arteries. This buildup can partially or completely block blood flow in the heart's aorta. Coronary microvascular disease occurs when the tiny blood vessels of the heart do not work correctly. For most people, the coronary heart disease can be prevented with a heart-healthy lifestyle.
Fig.3 Model of interacting circuits in which disruptions contribute to compulsive-like behaviors underlying drug addiction. (George, et al., 2016)
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) describes a weakening and dilatation of the abdominal aorta, most commonly affecting the infrarenal part. AAA is usually asymptomatic unless complications occur. Therefore, frequently diagnosed during imaging performed to investigate unrelated abdominal symptoms or by ultrasonography screening programs for AAA that are run in some parts of the developed world.
The Most commonly used definition of AAA is a maximum infrarenal abdominal aortic diameter larger than 30mm on ultrasonography or CT imaging. However, other definitions have been suggested, such as those based on normalizing aortic diameter to body surface area.
Fig.4 Abdominal aortic aneurysm formation and its risk factors. (Qian, et al., 2022)
- High Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressure (BP) is one of the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Many reports have identified high BP as the best example of a surrogate measure for cardiovascular disease, especially for stroke. A recent report from the Global Burden of Disease Study ranked high BP as the most important risk factor among 67 risk factors studied for worldwide mortality and disability-adjusted life years during 2010. Nonpharmacologic treatments, especially dietary sodium reduction, have been utilized for hypertension since the early 1900s.
Membrane Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases
- Cardiac voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs)
Two types of VGCCs are expressed on the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes-LTCCs (L-type calcium channels) and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (TTCCs). They are distinguished based on their gating properties and their differential sensitivity to pharmacological agents. LTCCs express throughout the lifespan and have a main role in maintaining the plateau phase of the action potential by allowing calcium influx for EC-coupling in the heart. On the other hand, the functional roles of TTCCs are diverse depending on the mammalian species, heart region, age, and various cardio pathology.
Fig.5 Cardiac voltage gated calcium channels in CVDs. (Neema, et al., 2018)
References
- Mohammad; et al. Early Detection, Segmentation & Quantification of Coronary Artery Blockage Using Efficient Image Processing Technique. Image Processing. 2017.
- Rubina, T.; et al. Integrating lipidomics and genomics: emerging tools to understand cardiovascular diseases. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2021, 78: 25 65-2584.
- Qian, G.; et al. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation with a Focus on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Life. 2022, 12(2): 191.
- Neema, K.; et al. Cardiac voltage gated calcium channels and their regulation by b-adrenergic signaling. Life Sciences. 2018. 194: 139-149.
