CD Drug Discovery Assays and Products

The cluster of differentiation (CD) methodology is used to find and analyze cell surface chemicals that serve as targets for cell immunophenotyping. In terms of physiology, CD molecules can function in a variety of ways, frequently serving as crucial cell-receptors or ligands. Typically, a signal cascade is started, changing the cell's behavior. Some CD proteins serve other purposes, such as cell adhesion, and are not involved in cell signaling.

Fig.1 CD proteins. (Wikipedia)

Creative Biolabs offers high-quality CD cell lines and CD membrane protein tools to help our global clients accelerate CD protein drug discovery:

• CD Cell Lines

CD marker molecules are widely used in numerous cell sorting techniques and take part in many crucial processes such cell signaling and antigen recognition. Severe pathogenic consequences are always the result of CD marker alteration, dysfunction, overexpression, and oppression. Creative Biolabs provides CD cell lines to speed up CD protein drug screening.

• Membrane Protein Tools

Creative Biolabs has developed a comprehensive list of membrane protein tools. We are dedicated to bringing more value to our clients by providing stock products, more technical resources and custom protein production services.

Targeting of Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers

• CD44

In humans, the short arm of chromosome 11 p13, and in mice, chromosome 2, a single gene with 20 exons encodes CD44. Standard CD44 (CD44s or CD44H), which is the most voluminous and abundant type of CD44 without variable exons in mRNA, is abundantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. It has side chains made up primarily of chondroitin-4 and -6-sulfates, which are glycosaminoglycans. The most important role of CD44-HA interactions in the prevention of apoptosis depends on a number of different mechanisms, including the cross-linking of CD44 via HA to start signal transduction, which frequently involves CD44v and its associated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), the enhancement of anti-apoptotic signaling cascades through FAS trimerization, and the interaction of CD44 with the expression of multi-drug resistant (MDR) genes.

• CD13

An ectoenzyme with many activities, CD13 has been studied in several ways, such as through the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and pharmacological enzyme inhibitors, as well as through the activation or silencing of protein expression in various cell lines. As a result, it was established that CD13 was involved in the functioning of the immune regulatory system as well as cell proliferation, antigen presentation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and cytokine modulation.

• CD36

CD36 is a transmembrane protein found on numerous cell types and interacts with a variety of ligands, especially long chain fatty acids (LCFAs). Although studies revealed that the protective impact of unsaturated fatty acids in heart abnormalities was unrelated to CD36, polymorphisms or deficiencies of CD36 could lead to lipid-related illnesses and cardiovascular dysfunctions. It was discovered that CD36 participates in the inflammatory activation of diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Additionally, it was discovered that CD36 contributes to the swelling and microvascular dysfunction that follow spinal cord injury.

Fig.2 Targeting of cancer stem cell by nanoparticles. (Mokhtarzadeh, 2017)

Reference

1. Mokhtarzadeh, A.; et al. Nano-delivery system targeting to cancer stem cell cluster of differentiation biomarkers. Journal of Controlled Release. 2017, 266: 166-186.