Chemokine Family Related Drug Discovery Products
Creative Biolabs has the assays you can rely on for high throughput screening, lead optimization, characterizing and discovering targets, and uncovering the complexity of disease pathways. We can offer membrane protein in vitro assay kits that save valuable laboratory time and is ideal for high throughput screening.
Membrane protein stable cell lines are widely used in many areas of biomedical research. Creative Biolabs can offer membrane protein stable cell lines to stablish in vitro models for High Throughput Screening.
Creative Biolabs offers high-quality, innovative tools to help research groups accelerate membrane protein drug discovery. They can be found by targets. If there is no product that meets your needs, please contact us.
Chemokine receptors are members of the GPCR rhodopsin family, and as such, one would anticipate that they would share many structural similarities with other Class A members. Chemokine receptors frequently bind more than one ligand, and the ligands themselves are frequently produced by many cell types in various geographical localizations. The expression of chemokines is generally carefully controlled, but in a number of inflammatory disorders, dysregulation leads to their excessive or inappropriate production, which promotes the development of disease. An already complex system is made even more complex by the phenomenon known as biased agonism, in which various ligands for the same receptor are capable of preferentially activating one signaling pathway over another.
Fig.1 Ligand bias at chemokine receptors. (Anderson, 2016)
With years of experience in the field of drug discovery, Creative Biolabs can offer chemokine family drug discovery assays and products to contribute to the success of your project:
Overview of Chemokine Family
Based on the placement of the first two N-terminal cysteine residues within their amino acid sequence, chemokines are divided into four families: the CXC family, the CC family, the CX3C family, and the XC family.
- CC
The largest division of the chemokine superfamily, the CC chemokine receptor subtypes, have ten different varieties. All of these receptors, which mediate various forms of immune responses, are connected to Gi and exhibit highly variable expression on the majority of leukocyte subsets. A group of genes on human chromosome 3p21 code for the proteins CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10. The development of secondary lymphoid organs depends on the trafficking of mature dendritic cells, naive T lymphocytes, and central memory T lymphocytes through the homeostatic receptor CCR7. For tissue-specific lymphocyte homing to the gut and skin, respectively, CCR9 and CCR10 appear to be crucial. It appears that CCR1-6 and CCR8 are crucial for effector T cell trafficking to inflamed areas.
- CXC
Human CXC chemokine receptors have been identified as CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, and CXCR6. CXCL1-3 and CXCL5-8, which make up half of the known human CXC chemokines, are significant neutrophil chemoattractants and pro-angiogenic factors that occasionally function in tandem in the context of innate immunity. They also bind promiscuously to the CXCR2 receptor.
- CX3C
The only CX3C chemokine can either be neuroinflammatory or neuroprotective and is mostly found in neurons with microglia expressing its CXCR1 receptor. It is widely distributed in the glial cells and neurons of the hippocampi, as well as in the cerebral cortex, medulla, occipital pole, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, putamen, and spinal cord, where it mainly draws monocytes and T lymphocytes and activates NK cells.
- XC
The lone member of the XC family of chemokine receptors, XCR1, is involved in inflammation and immunological homeostasis.
Reference
- Anderson, C.A.; et al. Biased agonism at chemokine receptors: obstacles or opportunities for drug discovery? Journal of leukocyte biology. 2016, 99(6): 901-909.
