mProX™ Human TLR4 Stable Cell Line

Biosafety Level

Level 1

Activity

Yes

Quantity

10⁶ cells per vial

Applications

TLR4, a toll-like receptor, has various applications in different fields. In the field of comparative genomics, TLR4 has been studied in the family Equidae, specifically in the order Perissodactyla, to analyze the diversity and evolution of immunity-related genes. In the study, twelve TLR genes were identified and their sequences were confirmed in equids. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the TLR gene family in Perissodactyla revealed six sub-families, with TLR4 clustering together with TLR5. Another application of TLR4 is in vaccine development. A multi-epitope vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 was designed using the reverse vaccinology approach, based on the spike protein (S) and membrane protein (M). The vaccine candidate was predicted to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses and interact with immune receptors such as TLR2 and TLR4. TLR4 is also involved in the pathogenesis of diseases like refractory epilepsy and lupus nephritis. In refractory epilepsy, alterations in DNA 5-hydroxymethylation patterns in the hippocampus were observed, and TLR4 was found to be associated with gene expression changes. In lupus nephritis, the Nrf2/HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was investigated as a potential regulatory pathway, and the expression of TLR4+CXCR4+ plasma cells subset was analyzed. Lastly, TLR4 has been studied in the context of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, where overexpression of S100A4 was found to inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroprotection against retinal I/R injury.