mProX™ Human TLR3 Stable Cell Line

Product Information

Target Family

Immune Checkpoint

Target Protein Species

Human

Host Cell Type

HEK293;CHO-K1

Target Classification

Immune Checkpoint Cell Lines

Target Research Area

Infectious Research

Related Diseases

Immunodeficiency 83 Viral Infections; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Gene ID

Human:7098

UniProt ID

Human:O15455

Product Properties

Biosafety Level

Level 1

Activity

Yes

Quantity

10⁶ cells per vial

Applications

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is unique among TLRs due to its ability to recognize double-stranded RNA, a molecular signature of viral infections. This recognition is crucial for mounting antiviral responses. Recent studies have shown that TLR3 plays a vital role in defending against viral pathogens, including the herpes simplex virus. Moreover, dysregulation of TLR3 signaling has been associated with autoimmune diseases, suggesting a delicate balance in its activity. Given its significance in antiviral immunity, strategies to enhance TLR3 responses are being explored as potential antiviral therapies.

Protocols

Please visit our protocols page.

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FAQ

chat Skyler Brown (Verified Customer)

How does TLR3 contribute to antiviral immune responses? Apr 13 2021

chat Patrick Liam (Creative Biolabs Scientific Support)

TLR3 plays a pivotal role in antiviral immunity, particularly through the recognition of viral RNA and activation of downstream signaling pathways, making it a potential target in viral disease treatments. Apr 13 2021

chat Peyton Johnson (Verified Customer)

What is the role of TLR3 in diseases like nasopharyngeal carcinoma? Apr 26 2020

chat Patrick Liam (Creative Biolabs Scientific Support)

TLR3 can be targeted by viral proteins, such as those from Epstein-Barr Virus, influencing cell proliferation and immune responses in diseases like nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Apr 26 2020

Published Data

Fig.1 The cytopathic effect of DENV-2 is restricted by the heterologous expression of TLR3 on HEK293 cells.

Cell viability in HEK293-TLR3 cells subjected to TLR3 knockdown was assessed. Cells with or without TLR expression were infected with DENV-2 NGC and maintained at 37°C. At specified post-infection intervals, a cell viability examination was conducted using the MTT assay. The presented data represent one of three replicable experiments. The cytocidal percentage (%) was calculated using the following formula: [(OD of mock-infected cells - OD of infected cells) / OD of mock-infected cells] × 100%, with time points post-infection on the abscissa.

Ref: Tsai, Yi-Ting, et al. "Human TLR3 recognizes dengue virus and modulates viral replication in vitro." Cellular microbiology 11.4 (2009): 604-615.

Pubmed: 19134117

DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01277.x

Research Highlights

Du, Yuxuan. et al. "Meta-analysis of the association between toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms and hepatitis C virus infection." Frontiers in microbiology, 2023.
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between toll-like receptor (TLR) 3/7 gene variations and the occurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Du, Yuxuan. et al. "Meta-analysis of the association between toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms and hepatitis C virus infection." Frontiers in microbiology, 2023.
Pubmed: 37869679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254805

Lamoot, Alexander. et al. "Lipid Nanoparticle Encapsulation Empowers Poly(I:C) to Activate Cytoplasmic RLRs and Thereby Increases Its Adjuvanticity." Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2023.
Poly(I:C) is a synthetic analogue of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that can activate Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid-inducible gene (RLR) receptors, such as melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), as pathogen recognition receptors. Its therapeutic use as a vaccine adjuvant is limited due to susceptibility to degradation by nucleases and poor uptake by immune cells. To address these limitations, poly(I:C) was encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing an ionizable cationic lipid which can interact with poly(I:C) electrostatically. LNP-formulated poly(I:C) was found to trigger both lysosomal TLR3 and cytoplasmic RLRs in vitro and in vivo, while unformulated soluble poly(I:C) only activated endosomal TLR3. When administered in mouse models, LNP-formulated poly(I:C) efficiently translocated to lymphoid tissue and induced innate immune activation after intramuscular injection. This resulted in a significant increase in innate immune activation compared to unformulated soluble poly(I:C). As an adjuvant for recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, LNP-formulated poly(I:C) generated potent anti-spike antibody levels which surpassed those induced by unformulated soluble poly(I:C) and provided complete protection against a SARS-CoV-2 viral challenge in vivo. Additionally, serum from these mice was able to significantly decrease viral infection in vitro.
Lamoot, Alexander. et al. "Lipid Nanoparticle Encapsulation Empowers Poly(I:C) to Activate Cytoplasmic RLRs and Thereby Increases Its Adjuvanticity." Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2023.
Pubmed: 37867244 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306892