mProX™ Human GPR35 Stable Cell Line

Li T, et al. "Fasting-mimicking diet alleviates inflammatory pain by inhibiting neutrophil ." Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2023.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) have been found to play a role in promoting neuroinflammation and central nervous system (CNS) disease progression. However, it is still unclear whether CNS-associated NETs have an impact on pain outcomes. Previous studies have shown that a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) can alleviate neurological disorders by reducing neuroinflammation and promoting nerve regeneration. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the effects of NETs in the CNS during acute pain and the role of FMD in inhibiting NETs and relieving pain. To achieve this, the researchers established an inflammatory pain model in mice and employed various methods such as PAD4 siRNA, CI-amidine (PAD4 inhibitor), AAV-GFAP-shRNA, AAV-hSyn-shRNA, and selegiline (MAO-B inhibitor) to inhibit the formation of NETs. They also examined changes in NETs, neuroinflammation, and related signaling pathways through various techniques such as western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The results showed that in the acute phase of inflammatory pain, NETs accumulated in the spinal cords of mice, which was associated with increased neuroinflammation. Inhibiting NETs formation was found to alleviate allodynia and neuroinflammation in the mice. FMD was also shown to inhibit NETs production and alleviate inflammatory pain, which was further enhanced by treatment with the NETs inhibitor CI-amidine and reversed by treatment with the NETs inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The researchers also found that the neutrophil-recruiting pathway MAO-B/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) / G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) and NETs-inducing pathway MAO-B/ Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly upregulated during the development of inflammatory pain. Further investigation revealed that MAO-B was largely expressed in astrocytes and neurons in the spinal cords of mice with CFA-induced inflammatory pain. However, inhibiting or knocking down MAO-B was found to effectively attenuate inflammatory pain, NETs formation, and neuroinflammation in the spinal cords. In addition, the researchers performed rescue experiments and found that MAO-B inhibitors synergistically enhanced the pain relief and NETs inhibition induced by FMD
Pubmed: 37735678   DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01258-2

Nakashima F, et al. "Eriodictyol and thymonin act as GPR35 agonists.." Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 2023.
In this study, the authors aimed to identify potential GPR35 agonists among 19 different herbs and spices in order to understand the mechanisms behind their reported health benefits. Through screening, they found that the ethyl acetate extract of thyme exhibited significant GPR35 agonistic activity. Further analysis revealed that two polyphenolic compounds, eriodictyol and thymonin, were responsible for this activity. Both compounds showed potent and specific agonist activity toward GPR35. These findings suggest that eriodictyol and thymonin may have beneficial health effects through GPR35 activation.
Pubmed: 37667527   DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad125