mProX™ Human GALR1 Stable Cell Line
- Product Category:
- Membrane Protein Stable Cell Lines
- Subcategory:
- GPCR Cell Lines
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Published Data
Fig.1 GalR1 plays a pivotal role in orchestrating cholangiocyte-driven LX-2 cell activation via intricate autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.
Alterations in mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Col1A1 within LX-2 cells were observed upon exposure to conditioned media sourced from non-transfected cholangiocytes (Ch-med), cholangiocytes transfected with siRNA_scr (Ch+scr), cholangiocytes transfected with siRNA_1 (Ch+si1), or siRNA_2 (Ch+si2), alongside vehicle, Gal, M617, or AR-M. A total of four replicates were analyzed, with statistically significant differences denoted as *P < 0.05 for Gal/M617/AR-M compared to the vehicle group.
Ref: Petrescu, Anca D., et al. "Coordinated targeting of galanin receptors on cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells ameliorates liver fibrosis in multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout mice." The American Journal of Pathology 190.3 (2020): 586-601.
Pubmed: 31953035
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.023
Research Highlights
Gallagher DM, et al. "An update on galanin and spexin and their potential for the treatment of type 2 ." Peptides, 2023.
Spexin (SPX) and galanin (GAL) are two neuropeptides with widespread distribution in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues in various species including humans. Their biological effects are mediated by interactions with galanin receptors (GALR), namely GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. While GAL can bind to all three receptors, SPX has a more specific affinity for GALR2 and GALR3. While the roles of GAL are well-documented, the physiological actions of SPX are still being studied. Both peptides are involved in regulating energy homeostasis and have potential therapeutic applications in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. GAL may be more effective for treating eating disorders, while SPX may be useful for obesity and related forms of diabetes. This narrative review provides updated information on the biology of SPX and GAL and potential therapeutic uses for metabolic disorders.
Pubmed:
37714335
DOI:
10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171096
Caramia M, et al. "Neuronal diversity of neuropeptide signaling, including galanin, in the mouse ." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023.
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small pons nucleus that innervates major parts of the central nervous system through ascending and descending projections. Norepinephrine (NE) is the main neurotransmitter released by this system, which is evolutionarily conserved and known to be involved in regulating wakefulness and linked to disorders like depression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, researchers have identified 24 distinct clusters of neurons in the LC, including 3 NE, 17 glutamate, and 5 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) subtypes. They have also discovered that NE neurons express multiple neuropeptides and receptors, particularly galanin (Gal) and Galr1, which have been shown to inhibit NE activity through direct interaction. This suggests a potential role for the galanin system in modulating NE functions and provides a basis for studying other neuropeptides and their receptors.
Pubmed:
37487094
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2222095120
